Genital infection is the most important cause of infertility worldwide. Microorganisms such as Neisseria gonorrhea, Chlamydia trachomatis, and genital mycoplasma have short- and medium-term consequences that cause infertility.
There is ample evidence that shows that genital infections in women lead to pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), which causes permanent damage to the fallopian tubes, the uterus and the surrounding tissues. These damages involve chronic pelvic pain, infertility, and ectopic pregnancy. Mycoplasma hominis, Ureaplasma urealyticum, Chlamydia trachomatis are suitable sexually transmitted microorganisms that are associated with perinatal repercussion disorders and gynecological disease.
From the obstetric point of view, it has also been related to a high incidence of these microorganisms with premature delivery, fetal losses, chorioamnionitis, and so on. Genital mycoplasmas cause pictures of bacterial vaginosis (BV) together with anaerobic germs and Gardnerella vaginalis as co-pathogens in PID and infertility, these infections are easily transmissible and sometimes asymptomatic, so their detection avoids the complications they cause. A wide variety of microorganisms are isolated from the genital tract of PID patients including Neisseria gonorrhea, Chlamydia trachomatis, genital mycoplasmas, aerobic and anaerobic bacteria. These infections are directly related to the infectious etiology of infertility and are the major cause of this disorder worldwide. The impact of reproductive tract infections on fertility has been debated for several decades, without being able to reach definitive conclusions, this is due to several factors, among which we can mention the difficulty to isolate the responsible pathogens, the absence symptoms that indicate that it is a pathology at the genitourinary tract level and subclinical inflammatory processes at that level, among others. Also contributing to this problem is the frequent use of antibiotics in an inappropriate and indiscriminate manner, without making a prior diagnosis to identify the causative microorganism, in order to administer specific therapy and subsequently monitor its effectiveness.
In recent years, infections have been given greater importance as a cause of infertility, perhaps because sexually transmitted diseases have increased alarmingly worldwide and are producing conditions that lead to infertility in the couple.
There are few reports in the national medical literature that relate the incidence of these microorganisms in the genital tract in infertile women and recurrent abortions, so this study was carried out using diagnostic kits for the identification of Chlamydia trachomatis, Mycoplasma hominis and Ureaplasma urealyticum, with the objective of knowing the frequency of these microorganisms, their relationship with others, as well as determining the susceptibility of genital mycoplasmas to different antimicrobial agents, which will allow adequate care for these infections.
Bibliography
Cecilia E. Ortiz Rodríguez EI; Clara E. Hechavarría CalderínII; Mirta Ley NgI; Georgina Álvarez MedinaIII; Yosmel Hernández Ortiz IV. Study on Chlamydia trachomatis, Ureaplasma urealyticum and Mycoplasma homonis in infertile patients and with recurrent abortions